In a perspective published in Psychoradiology, researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University confronted causal inference in clinical neuroscience research and advocate for more clarity and ...

While the brain uses spiking neurons for communication, theoretical research on brain computations has mostly focused on non-spiking networks. The nature of spike-based algorithms that achieve complex ...

The main concept behind causality involves both statistical conditions and temporal relations. However, current approaches to causal inference, focusing on the probability vs. conditional probability ...

This paper describes threats to making valid causal inferences about pandemic impacts on student learning based on cross-year comparisons of average test scores. The paper uses Spring 2021 test score ...

We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...

A new study links increased plastic waste imports to measurable increases in PM2.5 near waste disposal sites in Indonesia.