Insider Tip: The Great Wall was designed for protection, but don’t forget the forts that were another part of China’s defenses. The 16th-century Yaoziyu Fort, for example, is the best preserved of ...

Consider Supporting HoH: The once-mighty Imperial China had faced enormous hardships by the 1860s: the Taiping rebellion, two ...

This article appeared in History of War magazine issue 151. On 2 September 1945, Japanese forces officially surrendered to the Republic of China, ending the brutal occupation which began in 1937.

Beijing’s self-inflicted identity crisis.