In part 1, I focused on the evolution of the eye diagram: from individual signal integrity measurements to a BER bathtub that determines eye closure or Tj at a specific BER. The downside to the BER ...

Your eye is a slightly asymmetrical globe, about an inch in diameter. The front part (what you see in the mirror) includes: Just behind the iris and pupil lies the lens, which helps focus light on the ...

Figure 1 is typical of a high-speed digital signal. As most of you are aware, the signal is anything but “digital.” Careful characterization of individual signal parameters like rise, fall, high, low, ...

Signal integrity is a critical design consideration in modern electronic systems, particularly those that depend on high-speed interconnects. As data rates climb and interconnect geometries become ...