Probability theory forms the mathematical backbone for quantifying uncertainty and random events, providing a rigorous language with which to describe both everyday phenomena and complex scientific ...

A Platonistic set theory with a universal set, CUSɩ, in the spirit of Alonzo Church's "Set Theory with a Universal Set," is presented; this theory uses a different sequence of restricted equivalence ...

Over the last four hundred years, mathematicians have developed a well-defined formal theory of probability. In spite of the fact that most financial economists are trained in probability theory, the ...

Set theory is a mathematical abstract concerned with the grouping of sets of numbers that have commonality. For example, all even numbers make up a set, and all odd numbers comprise a set. All numbers ...

This online data science specialization is designed to provide you with a solid foundation in probability theory in preparation for the broader study of statistics. The specialization also introduces ...