Formally stated, it goes like this: 1. Everything that is designed requires a designer. 2. The universe shows obvious signs of design. 3. Therefore, the universe has a Designer. The argument itself is ...

This paper analyzes human-machine interrelation concerning artificial neuronal networks (ANNs) from a teleological point of view. The paper argues that AI cannot be understood adequately in terms of ...

Inductive proofs; the concept of ‘a posteriori’. Cosmological argument: St Thomas Aquinas’ first Three Ways – (motion or change; cause and effect; contingency and necessity). The Kalam cosmological ...