Pressure vessels are weakened when nozzles must be introduced, and reinforcement is required to compensate. Presented here are two methods for calculating the necessary reinforcement When pressure ...

Research led by a physicist at the University of California, Riverside, shows how viruses form protective shells (capsids) around their genomes, a process that—while messy and complex—consistently ...

Membrane proteins are crucial for numerous biological processes and serve as important drug targets. For decades, scientists have relied on detergents to extract membrane proteins from cell membranes ...